Asayansi apanga mbale "zobiriwira" zopangidwa kuchokera ku nzimbe ndi nsungwi zomwe zili zosavuta komanso zothandiza, zomwe zikulonjeza kuti zingakhale njira ina m'malo mwa makapu apulasitiki ndi zotengera zina zapulasitiki zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha. Ngakhale kuti mapulasitiki achikhalidwe kapena ma polima ovunda amatha kutenga zaka 450 kapena kutentha kwambiri kuti awole, zinthu zopanda poizoni komanso zachilengedwe izi zimawola m'masiku 60 okha ndipo zimakhala zoyera mokwanira kusunga khofi wanu wam'mawa kapena chakudya chotengera. Nkhani yokhudza njira ina ya pulasitiki iyi idasindikizidwa mu magazini ya Matter pa Novembala 12, 2020.
“Kunena zoona, nditafika koyamba ku US mu 2007, ndinadabwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zidebe zapulasitiki zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi m'masitolo akuluakulu,” anatero wolemba nkhani Julie Hongli wa ku Northeastern University. “Zimapangitsa miyoyo yathu kukhala yosavuta, komanso zimakhala zinyalala zomwe sizimawola m'chilengedwe.” Pambuyo pake, kuona mbale zambiri zapulasitiki, mbale, ndi ziwiya zikutayidwa m'zinyalala pamisonkhano ndi misonkhano kunamupangitsa kudzifunsa kuti, “Kodi tingagwiritse ntchito zipangizo zokhalitsa?”
Pofunafuna njira zina m'malo mwa zidebe za chakudya za pulasitiki, Zhu ndi anzake adagwiritsa ntchito nsungwi yomwe ndi imodzi mwa magwero akuluakulu a zinyalala za mafakitale azakudya: nzimbe. Gululi linalumikiza ulusi wautali, woonda wa nsungwi ndi ulusi waufupi, wokhuthala wa nzimbe kuti apange ukonde wokhuthala ndipo linapanga zidebe kuchokera ku zipangizo ziwirizi zomwe zimakhala zokhazikika komanso zowola. Sikuti zidebe zatsopanozi zosamalira chilengedwe ndi zolimba ngati pulasitiki komanso zokhoza kusunga madzi, komanso ndi zoyera kuposa zidebe zomwe zimawola zopangidwa ndi zinthu zobwezerezedwanso, zomwe sizingachotsedwe kwathunthu. Zimayamba kuwola m'nthaka patatha masiku 30 mpaka 45 ndipo zimawonongeka kwathunthu patatha masiku 60.
"Kupanga zidebe za chakudya si ntchito yophweka. Siziyenera kungowonongeka zokha," adatero Zhu. "Kumbali imodzi, tikufunika zinthu zotetezeka ku chakudya; kumbali ina, chidebecho chiyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zamagetsi chikanyowa komanso choyera kwambiri, chifukwa chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungira khofi wotentha ndi chakudya chamasana chotentha."
Ofufuzawo adawonjezera alkyl ketenedimer (AKD), mankhwala oteteza chilengedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani azakudya, kuti awonjezere kukana mafuta ndi madzi m'zidebe zoumbidwa, kuonetsetsa kuti zimakhala zolimba m'malo ozizira. Ndi chosakaniza ichi, zidebe zatsopanozi zidapambana zidebe zazakudya zomwe zimapezeka m'masitolo, monga zidebe zina za shuga ndi makatoni a mazira, pamphamvu yamakina, kukana mafuta, komanso kusawononga.
Makapu omwe ofufuzawa adapanga ali ndi ubwino wina: kuchepa kwa mpweya woipa kwambiri. Njira yopangira chinthu chatsopanochi imapanga CO2 yochepera 97% poyerekeza ndi zotengera zapulasitiki wamba, komanso yochepera 65% poyerekeza ndi mapepala ndi pulasitiki yowola. Cholinga chotsatira cha gululi ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito popanga ndikuchepetsa ndalama kuti ipikisane ndi pulasitiki. Ngakhale makapu opangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zatsopanowa amawononga ndalama zowirikiza kawiri ($2,333 pa tani) kuposa omwe amapangidwa ndi pulasitiki yowola ($4,750 pa tani), makapu apulasitiki achikhalidwe akadali otsika mtengo pang'ono ($2,177 pa tani).
"N'zovuta kuletsa anthu kugwiritsa ntchito zidebe zotayidwa chifukwa ndi zotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta," adatero Zhu. "Koma ndikuganiza kuti yankho labwino lingakhale kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosawononga chilengedwe komanso zowola kuti apange zidebezi zotayidwa."
Gwero: Liu Chao, Luan Pengcheng, Li Qiang, Cheng Zheng, Sun Xiao, Cao Daxian, ndi Zhu Hongli, “Ziwiya Zophikidwa, Zaukhondo, ndi Zophikidwa ndi Mchere Zopangidwa kuchokera ku Ulusi Wosakanikirana wa Nzimbe-Bamboo monga Njira Yosinthira Pulasitiki,” Matter, Novembala 12, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.10.004
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-10-2025